Issue : 01 DOI : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTICS AND RESEARCHVolume : 02
Copyright @ : - Dr.Nilesh Dalvi Inter. J.Digno. and Research IJDRMSID00082 |ISSN :2584-2757 125
Abstract
Background:
Obesity and insulin resistance represent global metabolic challenges. Ayurveda, through Charaka Saṃhitā[1],
recognized obesity (Sthaulya/Atisthūlya) as a serious pathological state and listed eight defects (Ashta
Doṣas) associated with it: Āyuṣo hrāsaḥ, Jāvo’parodhaḥ, Kṛcchra-vyavāyatā, Daurbalyaṃ,
Daurgandhyaṃ, Svedābādhaḥ, Ati-ślathatā, Ati-pipāsā ca [2]. This study explores the conceptual parallels
between these eight classical features and the biomedical pathophysiology of insulin resistance (IR) [3]. Each
of the eight defects is correlated with contemporary medical understanding of metabolic dysfunction and
energy imbalance. [4]
Objectives:
To analyze Charaka’s Ashta Doṣas of Atisthūlya from an Ayurvedic and biomedical perspective.
To correlate these with modern clinical manifestations of insulin resistance and obesity-related metabolic
syndrome.
Methods:A narrative comparative review was performed using Ayurvedic classical texts (Charaka Saṃhitā,
Sushruta Saṃhitā, Ashtāṅga Hṛdaya) and modern biomedical literature (PubMed, Google Scholar). The
eight classical defects were interpreted through Ayurvedic commentaries and mapped against established
pathophysiologic features and complications of insulin resistance.
Results: Each of the eight classical defects of Atisthūlya described by Āchārya Charaka closely corresponds
to biomedical manifestations of insulin resistance, such as reduced longevity, decreased physical capacity,
sexual dysfunction, fatigue, body odour, excessive sweating, tissue laxity, and excessive thirst—all common
in metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Conclusion: Charaka’s description of Atisthūlya remarkably parallels the systemic complications of insulin
resistance. This highlights Ayurveda’s sophisticated understanding of metabolic imbalance and provides a
conceptual bridge for integrative preventive and therapeutic research.
Keywords: Ayurveda, Sthaulya, Atisthūlya, Insulin resistance, Medoroga, Metabolic syndrome, Ashta Doṣa
P
ISSN No. : 2584-2757
Volume : 03
Issue : 01
Publisher
ROGANIDAN VIKRUTIVIGYAN PG ASSOCIATION
FOR PATHOLOGY AND RADIODIGNOSIS
DOI : 1 0 . 5 2 8 1 / z e n o d o . 1 7 3 5 9 7 9 1
Reg. No. : MAHA-703/16(NAG) Year of Establishment – 2016
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTICS AND RESEARCH
Corresponding author: Dr.Nilesh Dalvi Article Info: Published on : 15/10/2025
Impact Factor : 1.013
Comparative Study On Insulin Resistance And The Eight Problems Of Obesity
(Atisthulya) As Described In Ayurveda With Special Reference To Charaka
Samhita
Dr.Nilesh Dalvi 1
1Professor & Principal chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Medical College And Hospital,Rewa,MP
Sardar Patel University, Balaghat, MP.
Cite this article as: - Dr.Nilesh Dalvi (2025) ; Comparative Study On Insulin Resistance And The Eight Problems Of Obesity
(Atisthulya) As Described In Ayurveda With Special Reference To Charaka Samhita;Inter .J. Dignostics and Research 3 (1) 125-129
, DOI : 1 0 . 5 2 8 1 / z e n o d o . 1 7 3 5 9 7 9 1
G AR V
Copyright @ : - Dr.Nilesh Dalvi Inter. J.Digno. and Research IJDRMSID00082 |ISSN :2584-2757 125
Abstract
Background:
Obesity and insulin resistance represent global metabolic challenges. Ayurveda, through Charaka Saṃhitā[1],
recognized obesity (Sthaulya/Atisthūlya) as a serious pathological state and listed eight defects (Ashta
Doṣas) associated with it: Āyuṣo hrāsaḥ, Jāvo’parodhaḥ, Kṛcchra-vyavāyatā, Daurbalyaṃ,
Daurgandhyaṃ, Svedābādhaḥ, Ati-ślathatā, Ati-pipāsā ca [2]. This study explores the conceptual parallels
between these eight classical features and the biomedical pathophysiology of insulin resistance (IR) [3]. Each
of the eight defects is correlated with contemporary medical understanding of metabolic dysfunction and
energy imbalance. [4]
Objectives:
To analyze Charaka’s Ashta Doṣas of Atisthūlya from an Ayurvedic and biomedical perspective.
To correlate these with modern clinical manifestations of insulin resistance and obesity-related metabolic
syndrome.
Methods:A narrative comparative review was performed using Ayurvedic classical texts (Charaka Saṃhitā,
Sushruta Saṃhitā, Ashtāṅga Hṛdaya) and modern biomedical literature (PubMed, Google Scholar). The
eight classical defects were interpreted through Ayurvedic commentaries and mapped against established
pathophysiologic features and complications of insulin resistance.
Results: Each of the eight classical defects of Atisthūlya described by Āchārya Charaka closely corresponds
to biomedical manifestations of insulin resistance, such as reduced longevity, decreased physical capacity,
sexual dysfunction, fatigue, body odour, excessive sweating, tissue laxity, and excessive thirst—all common
in metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Conclusion: Charaka’s description of Atisthūlya remarkably parallels the systemic complications of insulin
resistance. This highlights Ayurveda’s sophisticated understanding of metabolic imbalance and provides a
conceptual bridge for integrative preventive and therapeutic research.
Keywords: Ayurveda, Sthaulya, Atisthūlya, Insulin resistance, Medoroga, Metabolic syndrome, Ashta Doṣa
P
ISSN No. : 2584-2757
Volume : 03
Issue : 01
Publisher
ROGANIDAN VIKRUTIVIGYAN PG ASSOCIATION
FOR PATHOLOGY AND RADIODIGNOSIS
DOI : 1 0 . 5 2 8 1 / z e n o d o . 1 7 3 5 9 7 9 1
Reg. No. : MAHA-703/16(NAG) Year of Establishment – 2016
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTICS AND RESEARCH
Corresponding author: Dr.Nilesh Dalvi Article Info: Published on : 15/10/2025
Impact Factor : 1.013
Comparative Study On Insulin Resistance And The Eight Problems Of Obesity
(Atisthulya) As Described In Ayurveda With Special Reference To Charaka
Samhita
Dr.Nilesh Dalvi 1
1Professor & Principal chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Medical College And Hospital,Rewa,MP
Sardar Patel University, Balaghat, MP.
Cite this article as: - Dr.Nilesh Dalvi (2025) ; Comparative Study On Insulin Resistance And The Eight Problems Of Obesity
(Atisthulya) As Described In Ayurveda With Special Reference To Charaka Samhita;Inter .J. Dignostics and Research 3 (1) 125-129
, DOI : 1 0 . 5 2 8 1 / z e n o d o . 1 7 3 5 9 7 9 1
G AR V
Issue : 01 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTICS AND RESEARCH [ISSN No.: 2584-2757]Volume : 03
Copyright @ : - Dr.Nilesh Dalvi Inter. J.Digno. and Research IJDRMSID00082 |ISSN :2584-2757 126
Introduction :
Insulin resistance (IR) forms the core of modern
metabolic disorders such as obesity, type 2 diabetes
mellitus (T2DM), dyslipidaemia, and
cardiovascular disease[5,6]. It results from impaired
insulin signalling in skeletal muscle, liver, and
adipose tissue, leading to glucose intolerance and
systemic inflammation.
Ayurveda, the ancient Indian medical system,
identified a parallel disorder called Sthaulya or
Atisthūlya, characterized by the abnormal increase
of Meda dhātu (adipose tissue) [7]. In Charaka
Saṃhitā Sūtrasthāna Adhyāya 21, Acharya Charaka
lists eight defects associated with the obese
individual:
“The obese suffer from diminution of life-span,
restricted movement and activity, difficulty in
sexual intercourse, debility, foul body odour,
excessive sweating, looseness of body, and
excessive thirst.” (Charaka Saṃhitā, Sūtrasthāna
21/4) [8,9]
This shloka provides one of the earliest recorded
holistic descriptions of obesity’s systemic impact—
paralleling the modern understanding of insulin
resistance and metabolic dysfunction.
Methodology :
Study Design :A narrative comparative review of
classical Ayurvedic and contemporary biomedical
literature.
Data Sources :Classical Ayurvedic texts (Charaka
Saṃhitā, Sushruta Saṃhitā, Ashtāṅga Hṛdaya,
Madhava Nidāna) with commentaries (Chakrapāṇi,
Dalhaṇa), and peer-reviewed biomedical literature
on insulin resistance and obesity were reviewed.
Data Synthesis :The Ashta Doṣas were interpreted
in physiological terms using classical commentaries
and mapped with biomedical manifestations of
insulin resistance and its complications.
Results And Discussion :
Mapping the Ashta Doṣas of Atisthūlya with
Modern Biomedical Correlates.
Ayurvedic
description(Ch
arak Samhita)
Ayurvedic
Interpreta
tion
Biomedical
Equivalent/Corre
lation with
Insulin
Resistance
1. Āyuṣo hrāsaḥ
(Diminished
lifespan)
Obesity
shortens life
due to
Agnimandya
and
disturbed
Dhātu
poshana,
medha
excess[10]
IR leads to
accelerated aging,
increased
mortality[11] from
T2DM, CVD, and
cancer.
2.
Jāvo’parodhaḥ
(Restricted
mobility or
sluggishness)
. Due to
heaviness
(Guru guna)
and
excessive
Meda
obstructing
channels
Fatigue, reduced
muscle[12] insulin
sensitivity, and
exercise intolerance
3. Kṛcchra-
vyavāyatā
(Difficulty in
sexual activity)
Kapha-
Meda
accumulatio
n causes
Klaibya
(sexual
weakness)
[13]
Hypogonadism,
erectile
dysfunction[14],
reduced testosterone,
infertility (IR-
related).
4. Daurbalyaṃ
(Weakness or
debility)
) Nutrient
flow
obstruction
causes
Dhātu
kshaya and
weakness.
.Chronic fatigue,
mitochondrial
dysfunction[15],
sarcopenic obesity.
5.
Daurgandhyaṃ
(Foul body)
odour due to
medodushti[16]
Impure
Meda dhātu
and blocked
Srotas
produce
offensive
sweat.
.Hyperhidrosis,
bromhidrosis[17] due
to altered
metabolism and skin
microflora.
Copyright @ : - Dr.Nilesh Dalvi Inter. J.Digno. and Research IJDRMSID00082 |ISSN :2584-2757 126
Introduction :
Insulin resistance (IR) forms the core of modern
metabolic disorders such as obesity, type 2 diabetes
mellitus (T2DM), dyslipidaemia, and
cardiovascular disease[5,6]. It results from impaired
insulin signalling in skeletal muscle, liver, and
adipose tissue, leading to glucose intolerance and
systemic inflammation.
Ayurveda, the ancient Indian medical system,
identified a parallel disorder called Sthaulya or
Atisthūlya, characterized by the abnormal increase
of Meda dhātu (adipose tissue) [7]. In Charaka
Saṃhitā Sūtrasthāna Adhyāya 21, Acharya Charaka
lists eight defects associated with the obese
individual:
“The obese suffer from diminution of life-span,
restricted movement and activity, difficulty in
sexual intercourse, debility, foul body odour,
excessive sweating, looseness of body, and
excessive thirst.” (Charaka Saṃhitā, Sūtrasthāna
21/4) [8,9]
This shloka provides one of the earliest recorded
holistic descriptions of obesity’s systemic impact—
paralleling the modern understanding of insulin
resistance and metabolic dysfunction.
Methodology :
Study Design :A narrative comparative review of
classical Ayurvedic and contemporary biomedical
literature.
Data Sources :Classical Ayurvedic texts (Charaka
Saṃhitā, Sushruta Saṃhitā, Ashtāṅga Hṛdaya,
Madhava Nidāna) with commentaries (Chakrapāṇi,
Dalhaṇa), and peer-reviewed biomedical literature
on insulin resistance and obesity were reviewed.
Data Synthesis :The Ashta Doṣas were interpreted
in physiological terms using classical commentaries
and mapped with biomedical manifestations of
insulin resistance and its complications.
Results And Discussion :
Mapping the Ashta Doṣas of Atisthūlya with
Modern Biomedical Correlates.
Ayurvedic
description(Ch
arak Samhita)
Ayurvedic
Interpreta
tion
Biomedical
Equivalent/Corre
lation with
Insulin
Resistance
1. Āyuṣo hrāsaḥ
(Diminished
lifespan)
Obesity
shortens life
due to
Agnimandya
and
disturbed
Dhātu
poshana,
medha
excess[10]
IR leads to
accelerated aging,
increased
mortality[11] from
T2DM, CVD, and
cancer.
2.
Jāvo’parodhaḥ
(Restricted
mobility or
sluggishness)
. Due to
heaviness
(Guru guna)
and
excessive
Meda
obstructing
channels
Fatigue, reduced
muscle[12] insulin
sensitivity, and
exercise intolerance
3. Kṛcchra-
vyavāyatā
(Difficulty in
sexual activity)
Kapha-
Meda
accumulatio
n causes
Klaibya
(sexual
weakness)
[13]
Hypogonadism,
erectile
dysfunction[14],
reduced testosterone,
infertility (IR-
related).
4. Daurbalyaṃ
(Weakness or
debility)
) Nutrient
flow
obstruction
causes
Dhātu
kshaya and
weakness.
.Chronic fatigue,
mitochondrial
dysfunction[15],
sarcopenic obesity.
5.
Daurgandhyaṃ
(Foul body)
odour due to
medodushti[16]
Impure
Meda dhātu
and blocked
Srotas
produce
offensive
sweat.
.Hyperhidrosis,
bromhidrosis[17] due
to altered
metabolism and skin
microflora.
Issue : 01 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTICS AND RESEARCH [ISSN No.: 2584-2757]Volume : 03
Copyright @ : - Dr.Nilesh Dalvi Inter. J.Digno. and Research IJDRMSID00082 |ISSN :2584-2757 127
Ayurvedic
description(Ch
arak Samhita)
Ayurvedic
Interpreta
tion
Biomedical
Equivalent/Corre
lation with
Insulin
Resistance
6. Svedābādhaḥ
(Excessive
sweating)
Disturbed
Agni and
Meda
vriddhi
increase heat
production.
Common in IR,
obesity, and
hypermetabolic
states; autonomic
imbalance[18].
7. Ati-ślathatā
(Flaccidity of
body)
Loss of tone
in muscles
and
ligaments
due to Meda
excess.
Reduced muscle
tone, fatty
infiltration, and
decreased structural
integrity. Sarcopenic
obesity, tissue
laxity[19]
8. Ati-pipāsā
(Excessive
thirst)
Agnimandya
and
Prameha-
purvarūpa
leading to
dehydration.
Polydipsia—an early
feature of insulin
resistance and
diabetes mellitus. [20]
Conceptual Overlaps :
Ayurvedic Concept Biomedical Correlate
Agnimandya (low
digestive/metabolic fire)
Decreased metabolic
rate, mitochondrial
dysfunction
Meda dhātu vriddhi
Adipose tissue
hypertrophy, ectopic fat
deposition
Srotorodha (channel
blockage)
Endothelial dysfunction,
microvascular
inflammation
Prameha purvarūpa
Insulin resistance,
metabolic syndrome
features
Thus, Charaka’s eight defects illustrate systemic
metabolic disturbance equivalent to insulin
resistance pathophysiology.
Integrative Discussion :
Charaka’s vision of Atisthūlya prefigures the
modern metabolic syndrome model by thousands of
years. The Ashta Doṣas are not merely descriptive
but reflect a deep understanding of multi-system
pathology:
Āyuṣo hrāsaḥ = chronic inflammation &
shortened lifespan (increased all-cause
mortality).
Ati-pipāsā = dysregulated glucose
homeostasis and osmotic diuresis.
Daurbalya and Ati-ślathatā =
sarcopenia and tissue insulin resistance.
Jāvo’parodha and Kṛcchra-vyavāyatā
= reduced cardiovascular endurance &
reproductive dysfunction.
Modern biomedicine interprets obesity as an
endocrine organ dysfunction involving adipokines
and inflammatory cytokines — concepts parallel to
Meda dhātu dushti and Agnimandya in Ayurveda.
Future Research Scope :
Clinical Correlation Studies:
Assess Ayurvedicauthor Doṣa scoring
versus biochemical markers (HOMA-IR,
fasting insulin, HbA1c).
Ayurvedic Interventions:
Study effects of Langhana, Lekhana
therapies, Udwartana, Panchakarma, and
Medohara dravyas on insulin sensitivity.
Translational Research:
Develop measurable parameters for Meda
dushti, Agnimandya, and Srotorodha using
imaging and metabolic biomarkers.
Conclusion :
The Ashta Doṣas of Atisthūlya described by
Āchārya Charaka- Āyuṣo hrāsaḥ, Jāvo’parodhaḥ,
Kṛcchra-vyavāyatā, Daurbalyaṃ, Daurgandhyaṃ,
Svedābādhaḥ, Ati-ślathatā, Ati-pipāsā ca—
represent a profound, ancient recognition of the
same systemic derangements that modern science
defines as insulin resistance and metabolic
syndrome.Ayurveda’s emphasis on Agnimandya,
Meda dhātu dushti, and Srotorodha corresponds to
Copyright @ : - Dr.Nilesh Dalvi Inter. J.Digno. and Research IJDRMSID00082 |ISSN :2584-2757 127
Ayurvedic
description(Ch
arak Samhita)
Ayurvedic
Interpreta
tion
Biomedical
Equivalent/Corre
lation with
Insulin
Resistance
6. Svedābādhaḥ
(Excessive
sweating)
Disturbed
Agni and
Meda
vriddhi
increase heat
production.
Common in IR,
obesity, and
hypermetabolic
states; autonomic
imbalance[18].
7. Ati-ślathatā
(Flaccidity of
body)
Loss of tone
in muscles
and
ligaments
due to Meda
excess.
Reduced muscle
tone, fatty
infiltration, and
decreased structural
integrity. Sarcopenic
obesity, tissue
laxity[19]
8. Ati-pipāsā
(Excessive
thirst)
Agnimandya
and
Prameha-
purvarūpa
leading to
dehydration.
Polydipsia—an early
feature of insulin
resistance and
diabetes mellitus. [20]
Conceptual Overlaps :
Ayurvedic Concept Biomedical Correlate
Agnimandya (low
digestive/metabolic fire)
Decreased metabolic
rate, mitochondrial
dysfunction
Meda dhātu vriddhi
Adipose tissue
hypertrophy, ectopic fat
deposition
Srotorodha (channel
blockage)
Endothelial dysfunction,
microvascular
inflammation
Prameha purvarūpa
Insulin resistance,
metabolic syndrome
features
Thus, Charaka’s eight defects illustrate systemic
metabolic disturbance equivalent to insulin
resistance pathophysiology.
Integrative Discussion :
Charaka’s vision of Atisthūlya prefigures the
modern metabolic syndrome model by thousands of
years. The Ashta Doṣas are not merely descriptive
but reflect a deep understanding of multi-system
pathology:
Āyuṣo hrāsaḥ = chronic inflammation &
shortened lifespan (increased all-cause
mortality).
Ati-pipāsā = dysregulated glucose
homeostasis and osmotic diuresis.
Daurbalya and Ati-ślathatā =
sarcopenia and tissue insulin resistance.
Jāvo’parodha and Kṛcchra-vyavāyatā
= reduced cardiovascular endurance &
reproductive dysfunction.
Modern biomedicine interprets obesity as an
endocrine organ dysfunction involving adipokines
and inflammatory cytokines — concepts parallel to
Meda dhātu dushti and Agnimandya in Ayurveda.
Future Research Scope :
Clinical Correlation Studies:
Assess Ayurvedicauthor Doṣa scoring
versus biochemical markers (HOMA-IR,
fasting insulin, HbA1c).
Ayurvedic Interventions:
Study effects of Langhana, Lekhana
therapies, Udwartana, Panchakarma, and
Medohara dravyas on insulin sensitivity.
Translational Research:
Develop measurable parameters for Meda
dushti, Agnimandya, and Srotorodha using
imaging and metabolic biomarkers.
Conclusion :
The Ashta Doṣas of Atisthūlya described by
Āchārya Charaka- Āyuṣo hrāsaḥ, Jāvo’parodhaḥ,
Kṛcchra-vyavāyatā, Daurbalyaṃ, Daurgandhyaṃ,
Svedābādhaḥ, Ati-ślathatā, Ati-pipāsā ca—
represent a profound, ancient recognition of the
same systemic derangements that modern science
defines as insulin resistance and metabolic
syndrome.Ayurveda’s emphasis on Agnimandya,
Meda dhātu dushti, and Srotorodha corresponds to
Issue : 01 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTICS AND RESEARCH [ISSN No.: 2584-2757]Volume : 03
Copyright @ : - Dr.Nilesh Dalvi Inter. J.Digno. and Research IJDRMSID00082 |ISSN :2584-2757 128
mitochondrial dysfunction, adipose inflammation,
and endothelial damage. Thus, the ancient and
modern frameworks converge on the same
biological truth: obesity and metabolic imbalance
shorten life and impair vitality.
References :
1. Charaka Saṃhitā, Sūtrasthāna 21/4. Edited by
Acharya Y.T. Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan,
Varanasi, 2017.
2. Sharma H, Chandola H, Singh G, Basisht G.
Prameha in Ayurveda: correlation with obesity,
metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus. J
Altern Complement Med. 2011.
3. Li M, et al. Trends in insulin resistance:
mechanisms and clinical implications. Signal
Transduction and Targeted Therapy. 2022.
4. Krishniya K, et al. Wholesome Ayurvedic diet
and lifestyle for Sthaulya. J Ayurveda Integr
Med. 2022.
5. Li M, et al. Trends in insulin resistance:
mechanisms and clinical implications. Signal
Transduction and Targeted Therapy. 2022.
6. Whytock KL, et al. Unraveling skeletal muscle
insulin resistance. Circulation Research. 2025.
7. Sharma H, Chandola H, Singh G, Basisht G.
Prameha in Ayurveda: correlation with obesity,
metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus. J
Altern Complement Med. 2011.
8. Charaka Saṃhitā, Sūtrasthāna 21/4. Edited by
Acharya Y.T. Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan,
Varanasi, 2017.
9. Sharma H, Chandola H, Singh G, Basisht G.
Prameha in Ayurveda: correlation with obesity,
metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus. J
Altern Complement Med. 2011.
10. Sharma H, Chandola H, Singh G, Basisht G.
Prameha in Ayurveda: correlation with obesity,
metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus. J
Altern Complement Med. 2011.
11. Li M, et al. Trends in insulin resistance:
mechanisms and clinical implications. Signal
Transduction and Targeted Therapy. 2022.
12. Li M, et al. Trends in insulin resistance:
mechanisms and clinical implications. Signal
Transduction and Targeted Therapy. 2022.
13. Sushruta samhita, Nidansthana 6/13-
17.Chaukhamba Orientalia,Varanasi
14. Li M, et al. Trends in insulin resistance:
mechanisms and clinical implications. Signal
Transduction and Targeted Therapy. 2022.
15. Whytock KL, et al. Unraveling skeletal muscle
insulin resistance. Circulation Research2025
16. Madhava Nidāna, Prameha Nidāna, with
Madhukosha commentary.025.
17. Aliyu U, et al. Evaluating indices of insulin
resistance. Frontiers in Endocrinology. 2025.
18. Whytock KL, et al. Unraveling skeletal muscle
insulin resistance. Circulation Research. 2025.
19. Dwivedi V. Sthaulya in Ayurveda: conceptual
study and management approaches. JAIMS,
2023.
20. Li M, et al. Trends in insulin resistance:
mechanisms and clinical implications. Signal
Transduction and Targeted Therapy. 2022.
Declaration :
Conflict of Interest : None
Copyright @ : - Dr.Nilesh Dalvi Inter. J.Digno. and Research IJDRMSID00082 |ISSN :2584-2757 128
mitochondrial dysfunction, adipose inflammation,
and endothelial damage. Thus, the ancient and
modern frameworks converge on the same
biological truth: obesity and metabolic imbalance
shorten life and impair vitality.
References :
1. Charaka Saṃhitā, Sūtrasthāna 21/4. Edited by
Acharya Y.T. Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan,
Varanasi, 2017.
2. Sharma H, Chandola H, Singh G, Basisht G.
Prameha in Ayurveda: correlation with obesity,
metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus. J
Altern Complement Med. 2011.
3. Li M, et al. Trends in insulin resistance:
mechanisms and clinical implications. Signal
Transduction and Targeted Therapy. 2022.
4. Krishniya K, et al. Wholesome Ayurvedic diet
and lifestyle for Sthaulya. J Ayurveda Integr
Med. 2022.
5. Li M, et al. Trends in insulin resistance:
mechanisms and clinical implications. Signal
Transduction and Targeted Therapy. 2022.
6. Whytock KL, et al. Unraveling skeletal muscle
insulin resistance. Circulation Research. 2025.
7. Sharma H, Chandola H, Singh G, Basisht G.
Prameha in Ayurveda: correlation with obesity,
metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus. J
Altern Complement Med. 2011.
8. Charaka Saṃhitā, Sūtrasthāna 21/4. Edited by
Acharya Y.T. Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan,
Varanasi, 2017.
9. Sharma H, Chandola H, Singh G, Basisht G.
Prameha in Ayurveda: correlation with obesity,
metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus. J
Altern Complement Med. 2011.
10. Sharma H, Chandola H, Singh G, Basisht G.
Prameha in Ayurveda: correlation with obesity,
metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus. J
Altern Complement Med. 2011.
11. Li M, et al. Trends in insulin resistance:
mechanisms and clinical implications. Signal
Transduction and Targeted Therapy. 2022.
12. Li M, et al. Trends in insulin resistance:
mechanisms and clinical implications. Signal
Transduction and Targeted Therapy. 2022.
13. Sushruta samhita, Nidansthana 6/13-
17.Chaukhamba Orientalia,Varanasi
14. Li M, et al. Trends in insulin resistance:
mechanisms and clinical implications. Signal
Transduction and Targeted Therapy. 2022.
15. Whytock KL, et al. Unraveling skeletal muscle
insulin resistance. Circulation Research2025
16. Madhava Nidāna, Prameha Nidāna, with
Madhukosha commentary.025.
17. Aliyu U, et al. Evaluating indices of insulin
resistance. Frontiers in Endocrinology. 2025.
18. Whytock KL, et al. Unraveling skeletal muscle
insulin resistance. Circulation Research. 2025.
19. Dwivedi V. Sthaulya in Ayurveda: conceptual
study and management approaches. JAIMS,
2023.
20. Li M, et al. Trends in insulin resistance:
mechanisms and clinical implications. Signal
Transduction and Targeted Therapy. 2022.
Declaration :
Conflict of Interest : None
Issue : 01 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTICS AND RESEARCH [ISSN No.: 2584-2757]Volume : 03
Copyright @ : - Dr.Nilesh Dalvi Inter. J.Digno. and Research IJDRMSID00082 |ISSN :2584-2757 129
ISSN: 2584-2757
DOI : 1 0 . 5 2 8 1 / z e n o d o . 1 7 3 5 9 7 9 1
Dr. Nilesh Dalvi Inter. J.Digno. and Research
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Copyright @ : - Dr.Nilesh Dalvi Inter. J.Digno. and Research IJDRMSID00082 |ISSN :2584-2757 129
ISSN: 2584-2757
DOI : 1 0 . 5 2 8 1 / z e n o d o . 1 7 3 5 9 7 9 1
Dr. Nilesh Dalvi Inter. J.Digno. and Research
This work is licensed under Creative
Commons Attribution 4.0 License
Submission Link : http://www.ijdrindia.com
Benefits of Publishing with us
Fast peer review process
Global archiving of the articles
Unrestricted open online access
Author retains copyright
Unique DOI for all articles
https://ijdrindia.com